PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.